M. Sukru Hanioglu is the Garrett Professor in Foreign Affairs in the Department of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. His books include "A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire" (Princeton).

List of Figures and Tables ix A Note on Transliteration and Personal and Place Names xi Turkish Pronunciation Guide xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Fin-de-siecle Salonica 8 Chapter 2. Das Volk in Waffen: The Formation of an Ottoman Officer 31 Chapter 3. The Scientism of the Young Turks 48 Chapter 4. From Wars to the Great War: A Hero Is Born 68 Chapter 5. Muslim Communism? The Turkish War of Independence 86 Chapter 6. The Secular Republic 129 Chapter 7. Nationalism and Kemalism 160 Chapter 8. Turkey and the West 199 Conclusion 226 Bibliography 233 Index 255